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Pycnocline or thermocline
Density and thermal stratification: The intense heating caused by sunlight results in the formation of a light, warmer layer of water floating on top of a much larger mass of cold, dense water. Where these two bodies of dense water meet there is a zone of rapid change in the water temperature, called the thermocline or picnocline. Such a thermocline is a permanent feature of both tropical and temperature waters. When the surface water of temperature seas is warmed in the summer a further seasonal thermocline can develop much closer to the surface. This is much stronger feature than the permanent thermocline in temperature waters. This thermocline plays an important role in determining seasonal changes in marine primary production in temperature seas. Thermal stratification represents a physical barrier to the mixing of the water column. There is little or no exchange of nutrient through a thermocline.
The stratification phenomena is the existence of two homogeneous water layers and separated by a thin thermocline layer. In such a case, we can say that the water is stratified. There is no exchange of pollutants through this picnocline layer.
Example:
Calculation in both XY-plane (parallel to water surface) and XZ-plane (perpendicular to water surface). The fucshia square represents a point source (position of the outfall pipe). The red colour represents high pollutant concentrations. The effluent flow rate is 0,15 m^3/s, the current velocity is 0,04 m/s and the current angle is 45 (NE). The Stratified model has been used in the calculation. The fucshia square represents the vertical discharge source (outfall locations). We have a three-dimensional image of the pollutant plume with these two computer screens.
BOD pollution map produced by continuous discharge in this region. The stratified model has been used. Top: the orange horizontal line indicates us the position of the XZ-Plane. Bottom: the orange horizontal line indicates us the position of the XY-Plane and the blue horizontal line indicates us the position of the water surface plane. The fucshia square represents a point source (position of the outfall pipe). The red colour represents high pollutant concentrations. The violet horizontal line (bottom) indicates us the position of the pycnocline (or thermocline) layer plane. We can see that there is no exchange of pollutants through the pycnocline layer.
POLLUTANTS: Pollutants I - Pollutants II - The sea I - The sea II - Pycnocline
Canarina Algoritmos Numéricos, S.L.
Environmental software solutions
Software para impacto medio ambiental
Canary Islands, Spain
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6th Framework Programme for Research and Development
pycnocline
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DESCAR: DESCAR: water pollution - Data I - Algorithms I - Pollutants I
SOLUTIONS: DESCAR: water pollution - Advantages - Price
INPUT DATA: Data I - Data II - Data III - Import - Commands - Graphs I - Graphs II
ALGORITHMS: Algorithms I - Algorithms II - Algorithms III - Algorithms IV - Algorithms V - Algorithms VI
POLLUTANTS: Pollutants I - Pollutants II - The sea I - The sea II - Pycnocline
DESCAR software solutions: This application has been used in great number of environmental reports, courses and water pollution studies in the last years. We currently have users in more than 10 countries.
Ripon -
environment protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 - environmental protection laws - protection of the environment operations act -Salford - environmental protection division - environment protection act 1986 - department environmental protection -
Devon -
environment protection authority - protection of environment - the environmental protection act -Lincolnshire -
the environmental protection act 1990 - environmental protection act 1994 -Cumbria -
department of environment protection - environmental protection commission -Hampshire -
environmental protection act 1990 - environmental protection authority -Cornualles -
food and environment protection act 1985 - national environment protection measure - environmental protection bureau -North Yorkshire - environment protection rules -
Norfolk -
environmental compliance - environmental protectors - environmental concern -Cambridgeshire -
marine environment protection -Oxfordshire -
environmental protection regulation 1998 - environmental protection agency act - environmental protection agency uk -Bangor - department of environmental protection - environment protection rules 1986 - environmental protection service -
Bath - environmental protection and biodiversity conservation act 1999 - environmental protection groups - environmental protection act 1999 -
Aberdeen - environment protection policy - the environment protection act 1986 - environment protection and biodiversity conservation -
Armagh - environmental protection technology - environment management and protection - environmental protection and enhancement act -
Belfast - protection of the environment act - environmental protection agency region - environmental protection group -
Birmingham - environmental concerns - environmental organizations - environmental consultants
Bristol - environmental management - environmental pollution - enviro protect
Cambridge - environmental monitoring - ecology protection - environmentally friendly -
Bradford - environmental problems - protect the environment - saving the environment -
Brighton & Hove - environmental protection agency's - environmental conservation - environmental services -
Nottingham - ecological organizations - environmental law - protective environment -
Oxford - environment protection act 1970 - environmental protection legislation - national environment protection council -
Portsmouth - environmental protection and biodiversity conservation act - environmental protection policy - environmental protection services -
Preston - environmental protection specialist - environmental protection and enhancement act - environmental protection act 1986
Peterborough - environmental protection regulation - environmental protection association - protection of the environment operations act 1997 -
Plymouth - environmental protection regulations - environmental protection plan - environmental protection administration -
Canaries: outfall design and water pollution report in Santa Cruz - outfall design and water pollution report in Las Palmas - outfall modeling and water pollution study in Puerto -
Balears: outfall design and water pollution report in Palma - outfall design and water pollution report in Mallorca - outfall modeling and water pollution study in Ibiza
Málaga: outfall design and water pollution report in Marbella - outfall design and water pollution report in Puerto - outfall modeling and water pollution study in Costa
Huelva: outfall design and water pollution report in Marbella - outfall design and water pollution report in the harbor - outfall modeling and water pollution study in the coast
Granada: outfall design and water pollution report in Almuñecar - outfall design and water pollution report in the harbor - outfall modeling and water pollution study in the coast
Asturias: outfall design and water pollution report in Gijón - outfall design and water pollution report in the harbor - outfall modeling and water pollution study in the coast
Cantabria: outfall design and water pollution report in Santander - outfall design and water pollution report in the harbor - outfall modeling and water pollution study in the coast -
Galicia: outfall design and water pollution report in La Coruña - outfall design and water pollution report in the harbor - outfall modeling and water pollution study in the coast -
Euskadi: outfall design and water pollution report in Bilbao - outfall design and water pollution report in Baracaldo - outfall modeling and water pollution study in Sestao -
Catalunya: outfall design and water pollution report in Barcelona - outfall design and water pollution report in Tarragona - outfall modeling and water pollution study in GIrona -
Glasgow - eutrophication report - seawater study -
Gloucester - consequences of water pollution course - wastewater pollution report - effects of water pollution course -
Hereford - water pollution prevention - water pollution research -
Inverness - cause of water pollution course - pollution in the water report - water and soil pollution study -
Kingston upon Hull - water pollution effects report -
Lancaster - industrial water pollution - water pollution control - smog on the water study - water pollution causes report -
Leeds - water pollution control federation -
Bradford - indoor pollution - soil pollution - natural pollution -
Brighton & Hove - water tanks - pure water and environmental causes of pollution - ground pollution -
Bristol - water purification and drinking water - pollution waters - waste water -
Cambridge - polluted water - polluted waters - clean water - water contamination - water conservation -
Canterbury - air pollution control - land pollution - water quality - water treatment -
Cardiff - pollution prevention - global warming - water supply -
Carlisle - environmental pollution - pollution control - ocean pollution - pollution -
Chester - water pollution - water pollution in the - air pollution -
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